What is the main function of a total station in geodetics?

A total station is an essential instrument used in geodetic surveys, and its main function is to measure both distances and angles simultaneously. This capability allows surveyors to gather precise positional data necessary for tasks such as land surveying, construction layout, and geospatial mapping.

The total station combines the functions of a theodolite for angle measurement with an electronic distance measuring (EDM) device, enabling it to calculate horizontal and vertical angles while simultaneously determining the distances to survey points. This dual functionality streamlines the data collection process, increasing efficiency and accuracy compared to using separate instruments for each measurement type.

While establishing geographic coordinates, providing digital mapping services, and analyzing ground stability are important tasks within geodesy and civil engineering, these activities often rely on the foundational measurements obtained from a total station. It serves as the primary tool that delivers the critical data needed to support these broader applications.