What is the difference between geodetic surveying and plane surveying?

Geodetic surveying fundamentally takes into account the Earth's curvature, which significantly influences the measurements and calculations made over large distances. This consideration is essential, especially when surveying areas that extend beyond small local regions, as the curvature can affect angles and distances. Geodetic surveying employs rigorous mathematical models and principles, including ellipsoidal and geoidal references, to ensure accuracy over extensive areas.

In contrast, plane surveying, which is generally applicable to smaller areas where the Earth's curvature can be neglected, treats the Earth as flat. This simplification allows for the use of basic geometric principles without the complications introduced by curvature, making it easier to perform surveys and calculations within these limited confines.

Thus, the key distinction lies in the acknowledgment of the Earth's shape: geodetic surveying incorporates the spherical nature of the Earth, while plane surveying operates under the assumption of a flat surface. This difference is critical for accurate surveying practices across varying scales and helps determine the appropriate methodologies for different types of surveying projects.