How is true azimuth calculated in geodetic measurements?

True azimuth is calculated by determining the angle between a given point and the north direction based on the position of celestial bodies, specifically the sun. This angle is measured in a clockwise direction from true north. As the position of the sun changes throughout the day and year, understanding its position relative to the observer allows for accurate azimuth calculations.

This method is particularly important in geodetic measurements because it accounts for the curvature of the Earth and variations in local magnetic fields, which can affect compass readings. Calculating true azimuth using solar positioning results in a more precise orientation for surveying and mapping tasks.

While averaging multiple observations or using a standard compass might seem practical, these methods do not provide the same level of accuracy needed for true azimuth determination, as they can be influenced by local magnetic declination and other factors. Measurements from the horizon may assist in visualizing or calibrating instruments, but they do not directly lead to calculating true azimuth without additional celestial observations.